|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Correspondence: Correspondence may be addressed to Deirdre McCloskey, 720 S.W. Dearborn Street, Unit 206, Chicago, IL 60605; e-mail: deirdre2{at}uic.edu.
Smith was mainly an ethical philosopher, though he practiced what was considered for a long time after Smith an obsolete sort of ethical philosophy, known nowadays as "virtue ethics." Since 1790 most ethical theory as practiced in departments of philosophy has derived instead from Kant or Bentham, but virtue ethics has recently come back. From the Seven Primary Virtues, Smith chose five to admire especially. He chose all four of the pagan and stoic virtues of courage, temperance, justice, and prudence. To these he added, as virtue number five, a part of the Christian virtue of love, the part admired by his teacher Francis Hutcheson. Smith was not, as has often been claimed, a Stoic, because he was always a pluralist, and would not reduce the good life to, say, Stoic temperance alone. Smith's choice of the virtues makes sense of his writings and career. And it reveals a flaw, shared with Hume: the banishment of the monkish virtues of hope and faith, necessary for human flourishing.
Anscombe, G. Elizabeth M. [1958] 1997. Modern Moral Philosophy. In Crisp and Slote 1997, 26-44.
Aquinas, St. Thomas. 1999. Disputed Questions on Virtue (Quaestio disputata de vertibus in commune and Quaestio... cardinalibus). Edited and translated by Ralph McInerny. South Bend, Ind.: St. Augustine's Press.
Bentham, Jeremy. [1789] 1948. A Fragment on Government, with an Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Edited by W. Harrison. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Blaug, Mark. 1980. The Methodology of Economics; or, How Economists Explain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Booth, Wayne C. 1974. Modern Dogma and the Rhetoric of Assent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Brown, Vivienne. 1994. Adam Smith's Discourse: Canonicity, Commerce, and Conscience. London: Routledge.
Buchanan, James, and Gordon Tullock. 1962. The Calculus of Consent. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Butler, Bishop Joseph. n.d. Fifteen Sermons. In The Analogy of Religion and Fifteen Sermons, 335-528. London: The Religious Tract Society.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius [44 BC] 1913. De officiis (Concerning Duties). Translated by W. Miller. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Copleston, Frederick. 1959. Modern Philosophy: The British Philosophers from Hobbes to Hume. Vol. 5 of A History of Philosophy. London: Burns and Oates.
Crisp, Roger, and Michael Slote, eds. 1997. Virtue Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Evensky, Jerry. 2005. Adam Smith's Moral Philosophy: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective on Markets, Law, Ethics, and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Finnis, John M. 1980. Natural Law and Natural Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Fitzgibbons, Athol. 1995. Adam Smith's System of Liberty, Wealth, and Virtue: The Moral and Political Foundations of "The Wealth of Nations." Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Fleischacker, Samuel. 2004. On Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations": A Philosophical Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Foot, Philippa. 1978. Virtues and Vices. In Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy, 1-18. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Frankfurt, Harry. 2004. The Reasons of Love. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Griswold, Charles L. Jr. 1999. Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haakonssen, Knud. 1981. The Science of a Legislator: The Natural Jurisprudence of David Hume and Adam Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hariman, Robert. 2003. Theory without Modernity. In Prudence: Classical Virtue, Postmodern Practice, 1-32. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Hobbes, Thomas. [1651] 1914. Leviathan. Everyman Edition. London: J. M. Dent.
Hont, Istvan, and Michael Ignatieff. 1983. Needs and Justice in the Wealth of Nations. In Wealth and Virtue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hooker, Richard. [1593] 1907. On the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. Vol. 1, bks. 1–4. Everyman Edition. London: J. M. Dent.
Hursthouse, Rosalind. 1999. On Virtue Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hutcheson, Francis [1725] 2002. Inquiry into the Origins of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, in Two Treatises. Edited by A. Garrett. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
———. [1747] 2004. A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy in Three Books, Containing the Elements of Ethics and the Law of Nature. Edited by W. Leidhold. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Ignatieff, Michael. 1998. Isaiah Berlin: A Life. New York: Metropolitan.
———. [1984] 2001. The Needs of Strangers. New York: Viking Penguin Books.
Kant, Immanuel. [1785] 1993. Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by James Ellington. Indianapolis: Hackett.
Knight, Frank. [1923] 1935. The Ethics of Competition. In The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays, 33-67. New York: Harper and Bros.
MacIntyre, Alasdair. 1981. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
Marshall, David. 1986. The Figure of Theater: Shaftesbury, Defoe, Adam Smith, and George Eliot. New York: Columbia University Press.
McCloskey, Deirdre N. 2006. The Bourgeois Virtues: Ethics for an Age of Commerce. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
North, Helen F. 1973–74. Temperance (S
phrosyn
) and the Canon of the Cardinal Virtues. In vol. 4 of The Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas, edited by P. P. Wiener, 365-78. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Nozick, Robert. 1981. Philosophical Explanations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
———. 1989. The Examined Life: Philosophical Meditations. New York: Simon and Schuster.
———. 2001. Invariances: The Structure of the Objective World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Nussbaum, Martha. 1986. The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2006. Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Otteson, James R. 2002. Adam Smith's Marketplace of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peterson, Christopher, and Martin E. P. Seligman. 2004. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Raphael, D. D., and A. L. Macfie, eds. 1976. Introduction to Smith [1759] 1976.
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Robbins, Lionel. 1932. The Nature and Significance of Economic Science. London: Macmillan.
Santayana, George. [1943–53] 1986. The Works of George Santayana. Vol. 1, Persons and Places. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of. [1713] 2001. Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times. Edited by D. Den Uyl. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Singer, Peter. 1993. Practical Ethics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, Adam. [1759] 1976. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Edited by D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie. Indianapolis: Liberty Classics.
———. [1776] 1976. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edited by R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
———. 1977. Correspondence of Adam Smith. Edited by E. C. Mossner and I. S. Ross. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
———. [1762–63] 1978. Lectures on Jurisprudence. Edited by R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael, and P. G. Stein. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
———. 1980. Essays on Philosophical Subjects. Edited by W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Strauss, Leo. 1953. Natural Right and History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Todorov, Tzvetan. [2000] 2003. Hope and Memory: Lessons from the Twentieth Century. Translated by David Bellos. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Toulmin, Stephen, and Albert Jonsen. 1987. The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Van Norden, Bryan W. 2004. The Virtue of Righteousness in Mencius. In Confucian Ethics: A Comparative Study of Self, Autonomy, and Community, edited by Kwong-Loi Shun and David B. Wong, 148-82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wolf, Susan [1982] 1997. Moral Saints. In Crisp and Slote 1997, 79-98.
Wolfe, Alan. 2001. Moral Freedom: The Search for Virtue in a World of Choice. New York: Norton.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
